EIP-8038 Repricing
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older run · latest of 12

New gas proposal

Worst-case-across-clients gas costs derived from the runtime fits, compared against the current Osaka cost table. Rendered from the generated proposal report; see the runtime and glue pages for the underlying per-fit detail.

Generated 2026-06-12 14:44:43Z · fork osaka · anchor_rate 100 Mgas/s

Summary: 12 parameters proposed — 10 increased, 2 decreased, 0 new, 0 unresolved · 4 warnings · 0 poor-fit selections

Proposed gas parameters

Gas paramCurrent gasProposed gasΔ%
COLD_STORAGE_ACCESS 2100 2493 +19%
COLD_STORAGE_WRITE 5000 24988 +400%
COLD_ACCOUNT_NOCODE_ACCESS 2600 2276 -12%
COLD_ACCOUNT_CODE_ACCESS 2600 8032 +209%
COLD_ACCOUNT_NOCODE_WRITE 9300 21203 +128%
COLD_ACCOUNT_CODE_WRITE 9300 27893 +200%
WARM_ACCESS 100 60 -40%
STORAGE_WRITE 2800 22495 +703%
ACCOUNT_WRITE 6700 19861 +196%
REFUND_STORAGE_CLEAR 4800 23989 +400%
TX_ACCESS_LIST_STORAGE_KEY 1900 2493 +31%
TX_ACCESS_LIST_ADDRESS 2400 8032 +235%

Client comparison

Worst client vs. second-worst client per gas parameter. The Ratio column is worst gas / second-worst gas — values close to 1× mean the worst case sits next to the rest of the field, while large ratios flag the worst client as an outlier.

Gas param Worst client Worst gas Second-worst client Second-worst gas Ratio
COLD_STORAGE_ACCESS geth 2493 ethrex 2483 1.00×
COLD_STORAGE_WRITE ethrex 24988 besu 19230 1.30×
COLD_ACCOUNT_NOCODE_ACCESS geth 2276 ethrex 1772 1.28×
COLD_ACCOUNT_CODE_ACCESS erigon 8032 besu 3243 2.48×
COLD_ACCOUNT_NOCODE_WRITE erigon 21203 besu 20057 1.06×
COLD_ACCOUNT_CODE_WRITE erigon 27893 besu 20057 1.39×
WARM_ACCESS besu 60 erigon 57 1.05×

Per-client proposed gas for each parameter. Cells are colored by log2(proposed / current) — red means the proposal is more expensive than the current gas cost, green means cheaper, and white sits at unchanged. Annotations show the absolute proposed gas value; blank rows are parameters with no prior baseline (see warnings below).

besuerigonethrexgethnethermindreth
COLD_STORAGE_ACCESS1,7175922,4832,4931,727155
COLD_STORAGE_WRITE19,23013,09624,98813,8135,05615,275
COLD_ACCOUNT_NOCODE_ACCESS1,7211,0991,7722,276398128
COLD_ACCOUNT_CODE_ACCESS3,2438,0321,8312,3651,9311,854
COLD_ACCOUNT_NOCODE_WRITE20,05721,2032,50610,3444,9058,278
COLD_ACCOUNT_CODE_WRITE20,05727,8932,57510,3445,0649,343
WARM_ACCESS60571120456

Worst-case provenance per gas param

One collapsible block per gas parameter showing every per-client candidate that the worst-case selector saw. Rows are model combos (the source regression's test_name, target_opcode, model_coef_name, and any model_by factors — components constant within a parameter are dropped from the label). Cells carry each candidate's proposed gas; the cell the per-client selector picked is outlined in black. Colors are log2(proposed / current) against that parameter's baseline on a per-parameter symmetric scale.

COLD_STORAGE_ACCESS — 4 combos × 6 clients
besuerigonethrexgethnethermindreth
test_sload_bloated · SLOAD · slots=False9085928462,493319127
test_sload_bloated · SLOAD · slots=True1,6145302,4342,4331,677151
test_sstore_bloated · SSTORE · slots=False9725889132,440321127
test_sstore_bloated · SSTORE · slots=True1,7175302,4832,3931,727155
COLD_STORAGE_WRITE — 2 combos × 6 clients
besuerigonethrexgethnethermindreth
slots=False19,23013,09624,98813,8135,05615,275
slots=True8,75510,15323,7029,3923,8918,680
COLD_ACCOUNT_NOCODE_ACCESS — 13 combos × 6 clients
Label Combo
M1 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=BALANCE / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.EXISTING_EOA / param_opcode=BALANCE
M2 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=BALANCE / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.NON_EXISTING_ACCOUNT / param_opcode=BALANCE
M3 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=CALL / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.EXISTING_EOA / param_opcode=CALL
M4 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=CALL / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.NON_EXISTING_ACCOUNT / param_opcode=CALL
M5 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=CALLCODE / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.EXISTING_EOA / param_opcode=CALLCODE
M6 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=CALLCODE / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.NON_EXISTING_ACCOUNT / param_opcode=CALLCODE
M7 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=DELEGATECALL / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.EXISTING_EOA / param_opcode=DELEGATECALL
M8 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=DELEGATECALL / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.NON_EXISTING_ACCOUNT / param_opcode=DELEGATECALL
M9 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=EXTCODECOPY / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.NON_EXISTING_ACCOUNT / param_opcode=EXTCODECOPY
M10 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=EXTCODEHASH / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.NON_EXISTING_ACCOUNT / param_opcode=EXTCODEHASH
M11 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=EXTCODESIZE / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.NON_EXISTING_ACCOUNT / param_opcode=EXTCODESIZE
M12 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=STATICCALL / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.EXISTING_EOA / param_opcode=STATICCALL
M13 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=STATICCALL / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.NON_EXISTING_ACCOUNT / param_opcode=STATICCALL
besuerigonethrexgethnethermindreth
M11,3178981,7591,059343122
M21,3618242722,18434591
M31,7021,0261,7671,075398127
M41,7219342672,22238294
M51,6779171,7621,100363128
M61,6088722782,27436291
M71,6069161,7601,091387128
M81,5608772752,25038493
M9388437323
M101,3627862742,17834690
M111,3378082722,17234589
M121,6889461,7721,098390128
M131,6681,0992722,27639695
COLD_ACCOUNT_CODE_ACCESS — 16 combos × 6 clients
Label Combo
M1 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=BALANCE / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.EXISTING_CONTRACT / param_opcode=BALANCE
M2 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=BALANCE / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.NON_EXISTING_ACCOUNT / param_opcode=BALANCE
M3 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=CALL / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.EXISTING_CONTRACT / param_opcode=CALL
M4 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=CALL / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.NON_EXISTING_ACCOUNT / param_opcode=CALL
M5 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=CALLCODE / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.EXISTING_CONTRACT / param_opcode=CALLCODE
M6 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=CALLCODE / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.NON_EXISTING_ACCOUNT / param_opcode=CALLCODE
M7 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=DELEGATECALL / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.EXISTING_CONTRACT / param_opcode=DELEGATECALL
M8 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=DELEGATECALL / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.NON_EXISTING_ACCOUNT / param_opcode=DELEGATECALL
M9 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=EXTCODECOPY / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.EXISTING_CONTRACT / param_opcode=EXTCODECOPY
M10 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=EXTCODECOPY / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.NON_EXISTING_ACCOUNT / param_opcode=EXTCODECOPY
M11 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=EXTCODEHASH / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.EXISTING_CONTRACT / param_opcode=EXTCODEHASH
M12 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=EXTCODEHASH / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.NON_EXISTING_ACCOUNT / param_opcode=EXTCODEHASH
M13 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=EXTCODESIZE / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.EXISTING_CONTRACT / param_opcode=EXTCODESIZE
M14 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=EXTCODESIZE / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.NON_EXISTING_ACCOUNT / param_opcode=EXTCODESIZE
M15 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=STATICCALL / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.EXISTING_CONTRACT / param_opcode=STATICCALL
M16 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=STATICCALL / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.NON_EXISTING_ACCOUNT / param_opcode=STATICCALL
besuerigonethrexgethnethermindreth
M12,9433,4071,8032,3101,8631,850
M21,3618242722,18434591
M33,2148,0321,8312,3651,9311,835
M41,7219342672,22238294
M53,2038,0011,8262,3581,8951,780
M61,6088722782,27436291
M73,2438,0021,8182,3561,9201,854
M81,5608772752,25038493
M921431237912512
M10388437323
M112,8913,3771,8032,3181,8581,817
M121,3627862742,17834690
M132,9277,9221,8072,3211,8611,790
M141,3378082722,17234589
M153,1588,0151,8282,3561,9191,777
M161,6681,0992722,27639695
COLD_ACCOUNT_NOCODE_WRITE — 4 combos × 6 clients
Label Combo
M1 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=CALL / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.EXISTING_EOA / param_opcode=CALL
M2 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=CALL / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.NON_EXISTING_ACCOUNT / param_opcode=CALL
M3 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=CALLCODE / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.EXISTING_EOA / param_opcode=CALLCODE
M4 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=CALLCODE / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.NON_EXISTING_ACCOUNT / param_opcode=CALLCODE
besuerigonethrexgethnethermindreth
M18,1328,7502,5066,0913,2288,278
M220,05721,2031,40710,3444,9058,121
M32,6977461,5111,417391160
M4645189431,07414628
COLD_ACCOUNT_CODE_WRITE — 4 combos × 6 clients
Label Combo
M1 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=CALL / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.EXISTING_CONTRACT / param_opcode=CALL
M2 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=CALL / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.NON_EXISTING_ACCOUNT / param_opcode=CALL
M3 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=CALLCODE / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.EXISTING_CONTRACT / param_opcode=CALLCODE
M4 test_name=test_account_access / target_opcode=CALLCODE / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_account_mode=AccountMode.NON_EXISTING_ACCOUNT / param_opcode=CALLCODE
besuerigonethrexgethnethermindreth
M19,57427,8932,5759,7985,0649,343
M220,05721,2031,40710,3444,9058,121
M33,1617,2981,5902,6002,1682,136
M4645189431,07414628
WARM_ACCESS — 8 combos × 6 clients
Label Combo
M1 test_name=test_ext_account_query_warm / target_opcode=BALANCE / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_opcode=BALANCE
M2 test_name=test_ext_account_query_warm / target_opcode=CALL / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_opcode=CALL
M3 test_name=test_ext_account_query_warm / target_opcode=CALLCODE / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_opcode=CALLCODE
M4 test_name=test_ext_account_query_warm / target_opcode=DELEGATECALL / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_opcode=DELEGATECALL
M5 test_name=test_ext_account_query_warm / target_opcode=EXTCODEHASH / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_opcode=EXTCODEHASH
M6 test_name=test_ext_account_query_warm / target_opcode=EXTCODESIZE / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_opcode=EXTCODESIZE
M7 test_name=test_ext_account_query_warm / target_opcode=STATICCALL / model_coef_name=target_coef / param_opcode=STATICCALL
M8 test_name=test_storage_sload_same_key_benchmark / target_opcode=SLOAD / model_coef_name=target_coef
besuerigonethrexgethnethermindreth
M115524141
M260491015406
M360261120226
M455261117456
M5132925262
M613524171
M754571020386
M811435151

Warnings

Missing parameters

None.

Incomplete client coverage

None.

Missing glue adjustments

Non-priced opcodes correlated with the target opcount — 1 test affected

The target coefficient was left unadjusted for these. Consider adding them to the glue model or re-designing the test to isolate the target opcode.

Test name Non-priced opcodes
test_account_access CLZ
Priced glue opcodes with a poor fit — 28 (glue_opcode, client) fits skipped

p_value >= glue_contribution_p_value_threshold (0.05) or rsquared < glue_contribution_rsquared_threshold (0.5) — the contribution of these (glue_opcode, client) fits was skipped when computing the glue adjustment, so the listed gas params carry a target coefficient that is not net of this glue opcode's runtime on the affected clients. See glue_opcodes_autogenerated_report.md for per-fit metrics.

Glue opcode Affected clients Affected gas params
AND besu (R²), ethrex (R²) COLD_ACCOUNT_CODE_ACCESS, COLD_ACCOUNT_CODE_WRITE
CALLDATALOAD besu (both), erigon (both), ethrex (R²), geth (R²), nethermind (both), reth (R²) COLD_ACCOUNT_CODE_ACCESS, COLD_ACCOUNT_CODE_WRITE, COLD_ACCOUNT_NOCODE_ACCESS, COLD_ACCOUNT_NOCODE_WRITE, COLD_STORAGE_ACCESS, COLD_STORAGE_WRITE
EXP nethermind (both) COLD_ACCOUNT_CODE_ACCESS, COLD_ACCOUNT_CODE_WRITE
GT besu (R²) COLD_ACCOUNT_CODE_ACCESS, COLD_ACCOUNT_CODE_WRITE, COLD_ACCOUNT_NOCODE_ACCESS, COLD_ACCOUNT_NOCODE_WRITE, COLD_STORAGE_ACCESS
JUMPDEST besu (R²), nethermind (R²) COLD_ACCOUNT_CODE_ACCESS, COLD_ACCOUNT_CODE_WRITE, COLD_ACCOUNT_NOCODE_ACCESS, COLD_ACCOUNT_NOCODE_WRITE, COLD_STORAGE_ACCESS, COLD_STORAGE_WRITE
JUMPI besu (R²), erigon (R²) COLD_ACCOUNT_CODE_ACCESS, COLD_ACCOUNT_CODE_WRITE, COLD_ACCOUNT_NOCODE_ACCESS, COLD_ACCOUNT_NOCODE_WRITE, COLD_STORAGE_ACCESS, COLD_STORAGE_WRITE
KECCAK256 besu (R²), erigon (R²), ethrex (both), geth (R²), nethermind (both), reth (both) COLD_ACCOUNT_CODE_ACCESS, COLD_ACCOUNT_CODE_WRITE
LT besu (R²), nethermind (R²) COLD_STORAGE_ACCESS, COLD_STORAGE_WRITE
MSTORE reth (R²) COLD_ACCOUNT_CODE_ACCESS, COLD_ACCOUNT_CODE_WRITE, COLD_ACCOUNT_NOCODE_ACCESS, COLD_ACCOUNT_NOCODE_WRITE
MSTORE8 reth (R²) COLD_ACCOUNT_CODE_ACCESS, COLD_ACCOUNT_CODE_WRITE
RETURNDATASIZE besu (R²), nethermind (R²) —
SELFBALANCE besu (R²) —
SWAP nethermind (R²) COLD_STORAGE_ACCESS, COLD_STORAGE_WRITE

Other

Poor-fit selections

Rows where the winning fit's p-value exceeded modeling.poor_fit_p_value_threshold (0.05) or its R² fell below modeling.poor_fit_rsquared_threshold (0.5). The failing threshold(s) are noted alongside each row; selections in ### Winners with poor fit still drive the proposal, while ### Other weak candidates lists losing candidates that the selector dropped in favor of a qualified alternative. See runtime_estimation_autogenerated_report.md for per-fit runtime_ms, pvalue, and rsquared metrics.

Winners with poor fit

None.

Other weak candidates

COLD_ACCOUNT_NOCODE_ACCESS — 1 weak combo
Test Target opcode Coef Combo Failing clients
test_account_access EXTCODECOPY target_coef — besu (R²)
COLD_ACCOUNT_CODE_ACCESS — 1 weak combo
Test Target opcode Coef Combo Failing clients
test_account_access EXTCODECOPY target_coef — besu (R²)
COLD_ACCOUNT_NOCODE_WRITE — 1 weak combo
Test Target opcode Coef Combo Failing clients
test_account_access CALLCODE target_coef — besu (R²)
COLD_ACCOUNT_CODE_WRITE — 1 weak combo
Test Target opcode Coef Combo Failing clients
test_account_access CALLCODE target_coef — besu (R²)
WARM_ACCESS — 4 weak combos
Test Target opcode Coef Combo Failing clients
test_ext_account_query_warm BALANCE target_coef param_opcode=BALANCE besu (R²)
test_ext_account_query_warm EXTCODEHASH target_coef param_opcode=EXTCODEHASH besu (R²)
test_ext_account_query_warm EXTCODESIZE target_coef param_opcode=EXTCODESIZE besu (R²)
test_storage_sload_same_key_benchmark SLOAD target_coef — besu (R²)